阅读理解D A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding

阅读理解D
A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.
Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.
In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities，such as son，daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes，such as a mouth，arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasks
Children who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree，these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children，meanwhile, primarily grouped people’s faces by race and gender(性别).
The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said.
“We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time，” Gaither said. “When kids think that they have various identities，they show greater abilities. ’’
12. What are all the kids asked to do in the experiments?
A. Play different kinds of roles. B. Remind others of their roles.
C. Approach several tasks. D. Classify a group of tasks.
13. How does the author mainly clarify the conclusions of the study in paragraph 4?
A. By giving examples. B. By using experts’ words.
C. By listing a few figures. D. By showing cause and effect.
14. What can we learn from Sarah Gaither’s words?
A. Improving 5 kids flexible thinking ability is important teaching.
B. Kids tend to behave selflessly after thinking about their roles.
C. Kids’ creative thinking ability is easy to discover and develop.
D. Teachers are supposed to make the most of the kids’ flexibility.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Kids' Social Abilities Are Consistent with. Their Education
B. Considering Their Various Roles Improves Kids’ Abilities
C. Kids Have a Variety of Identities in Their Daily Life.
D. Problem-solving Ability Is Necessary for Most Kids.
【答案】12. C13. A14. A15. B
   【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了让孩子知道自己有不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段“All the children then needed to handle a few tasks. ”可知，所有的孩子都被要求处理一些任务。故选C项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推断，第四段主要使用了两个例子来阐明实验得出的结论。故选A项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第五段“The study suggests simple ways to promote flexible thinking for the young,which could be especially valuable for teachers,，Gather sad. ”可知,提高孩子的灵活思维的方法对于老师是有价值的。 由此可推断,提高孩子的灵活性思维能力 在教育中是很重要的事。故选A项。
15. 标题判断题。文章主要介绍了孩子考虑自己的不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。B项“Considering Their Various Roles Improves Kids’ Abilities” 了解他们的不同角色可以提高孩子的能力，符合文章主旨。故选B项。