As digital devices （设备）have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often recommended as a sub

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As digital devices （设备）have taken over society, “keyboard activity is now often recommended as a substitute for early handwriting," a new study notes. The idea is that typing may be easier for young children.
“Some schools in Norway have become completely digital," notes Audrey Vander Meer, the new study's leader, who measures brain activity to better understand learning and behaviors. She works at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim. The human brain has developed to interact with the world in as many ways as possible, she notes. She believes that young children should learn to write by hand successfully, and, at the same time learn to manage a keyboard.
Using a pen involves more of the brain than using a keyboard, her new findings show. This is because writing and printing involve complex movements that activate more areas of the brain. The increased brain activity, "gives the brain more 'hooks' to hang your memories on," she explains.
Think about it. The same movement is required to type each letter on a keyboard. By comparison, when we write, our brain needs to think about and recover memories of the shape of each letter. We also need to use our eyes to watch what shapes we're writing. And we need to control our hands to press a pen or pencil to shape the different letters. All of this uses and connects more areas of the brain.
Along the way, these processes appear to “open the brain up for learning", says Vander Meer. So learning through only one format — digital — could be harmful, she worries.
Vander Meer also points out that taking notes by hand stimulates （激发）"visual notetaking". Rather than typing blindly, the visual note-taker has to think about what is important to write down. Then, key words can be "interlinked by boxes, and arrows, and supplemented by small drawings".
12. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Digital devices are popular with students.
B. Handwriting beats typing in taking notes.
C. The process of taking notes changes thinking.
D. The new study makes contributions to science.
13. What should young kids do according to Vander Meer?
A. Communicate with the world. B. Rely on keyboard activity.
C. Learn to write by hand. D. Master basic drawing skills.
14. How does the author draw the conclusion?
A. By studying how the brain develops. B. By observing social phenomena.
C. By assessing functions of senses. D. By comparing ways of taking notes.
15. In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?
A. Relationship. B. Fashion.
C. Culture. D. Science.
【答案】12. B    13. C    14. D    15. D
【解析】