阅读理解 How does an ecosystem(生态系统)work?What makes the populations of different species the way they ar

10-06
摘要: 阅读理解
How does an ecosystem(生态系统)work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find
7. B    8. C    9. A    10. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了记住食物网的数学模型,科学家们发现了一些食物网运行的关键原则。不同层次的物种之间有着依存关系,而人类作为最高层次的掠食动物,其一举一动都会影响生态系统。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知通过这些模型,科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键原则。由此可见,科学家借助于食物网的数学模型发现了控制生态系统食物网的规则。B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.(控制生态系统食物网的规则)符合以上说法,故选B项。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;(当一种掠食动物总是大量吃一种猎物时,这两个物种就是紧密相连的)由此可见,当食肉动物只吃一种猎物时,这两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。C. sticks to one prey species(只吃一种猎物)符合以上说法,故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知,无计划的人类活动证明了顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中,我们在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者,如鳕鱼,而在陆地上,我们杀死大型掠食者,如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见,不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.(不受控制的人类活动极大破坏了生态系统)符合以上说法,故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key,which scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.可知,理想情况下,系统会告诉我们什么时候适应人类那些会将生态系统推向崩溃的活动,甚至会让我们把生态系统从边界拉回来。科学家说,预防是关键,因为一旦生态系统通过临界点,它们就很难返回。由此可见,一个早期的警告系统可以向我们发出紧急的预防信号,这样人类可以及时采取措施。 D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.(通过发出需要采取紧急预防措施的信号)符合以上说法,故选D项。
 
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